Gramatica engleza

• articolul
• hotarat (the car - masina)
• nehotarat
  • a boy - un baiat
  • a girl - o fata
  • an eskimo - un eschimos
• substantivul
• gen: masculin, feminin: (waiter, waitress - insa deobicei nediferentiat)
• numar: singular, plural: (deobicei pluralul se formeaza cu s)
• caz (declension)
• nominativ: fata canta - the girl sings, o fata canta - a girl sings
• genitiv: the girl's voice SAU the voice of the girl - vocea fetei
• dativ: I tell the girl - Ii spun fetei
• acuzativ: I hear the girl - O aud pe fata
• adjectivul (descrie un substantiv)
• propriu-zis: green hills - dealuri verzi
• pronominal
• demonstrativ: this man - acest barbat, that man - acel barbat
• interogativ/relativ: what book? - care carte?/what I think - ce cred eu
• posesiv:my book - cartea mea
• nehotarat(indefinit): some people - niste oameni, unii oameni
• Gradele de comparatie - ca si in romana, adjectivele propriu-zise in engleza au grade de comparatie
• Comparatia de superioritate
• Adjective monosilabice si cele bisilabice terminate in y:

smart - smarter - the smartest: destept - mai destept - cel mai destept

happy - happier - the happiest: fericit - mai fericit - cel mai fericit

• Adjective lungi: intelligent - more intelligent - the most intelligent: destept - mai destept - cel mai destept
• Comparatia de inferioritate
• smart - less smart - the least smart: destept - mai putin destept - cel mai putin destept
• Comparatia de egalitate
• as smart as - la fel de destept ca
• Superlativul absolut
• very smart - foarte destept
• pronumele (inlocuieste un substantiv)
• personal
• subiectiv(nominativ): you eat - tu mananci
• obiectiv(dativ, acuzativ)
• dativ: tell me - spune -mi
• acuzativ: follow me - urmeaza -ma, urmeaza pe mine; come with me - vino cu mine
• posesiv: it is mine - este al meu
• demonstrativ: that is a koala bear - acela e un urs koala
• interogativ/relativ: what is that - ce e acela, who are you? - cine esti?/the man who came - barbatul care a venit
• indefinit: somebody called - a sunat cineva
• reflexiv: I see myself in the mirror - Ma vad in oglinda.
• numeralul
• cardinal: seven days - 7 zile
• ordinal: the seventh day - a saptea zi
• fractionar: three sevenths of it is done - 3/7 e gata
• colectiv: a dozen eggs - o duzina de oua
• multiplicativ: I paid him back tenfold - L-am platit inzecit
• distributiv: they went in two at a time - au intrat cate doi
• adverbial: I read it a hundred times - L-am citit de o suta de ori.
• nehotarat: many people - multi oameni
• verbul ^*
• persoana
• I sing - Eu cant; We sing - Noi cantam
• You sing - Tu canti; Voi cantati - You sing
• He, She sings - El, Ea canta; They sing - Ei canta
• numar: singular (I sing, You sing, He sings), plural (We sing, You sing, They sing)
• diateza:(active voice, passive voice)
• activa (actiunea e facuta de subiect): He scolds the child - El cearta copilul
• pasiva (actiunea e facuta asupra subiectului): The child is scolded - Copilul este certat


• timp (tenses):
• Diateza activa (Active Voice)
• Present Tense: I scold - Eu cert
• Present Continuous: I am scolding - Eu cert acum (actiune in desfasurare)
• Present Perfect: I have scolded
• Present Perfect Continuous: I have been scolding
• Past Tense: I scolded - Am certat
• Past Continuous: I was scolding - Eu certam (cand ceva s-a intamplat)
• Past Perfect: I had scolded - Eu certasem
• Past Perfect Continuous: I had been scolding
• Future Tense: I will scold - Eu voi certa (cand se va intampla ceva)
• Future Continuous: I will be scolding - Eu voi certa (cand se va intampla ceva)
• Future Perfect: I will have scolded
• Future Perfect Continuous: I will have been scolding
• Diateza pasiva (Passive Voice)
• Present Tense: I am scolded - Eu sunt certat
• Present Continuous: I am being scolded - Eu sunt certat acum (actiune in desfasurare)
• Present Perfect: I have been scolded
• Present Perfect Continuous: Nu se foloseste
• Past Tense: I was scolded - Am fost certat
• Past Continuous: I was being scolded - Eu eram certat (cand ceva s-a intamplat)
• Past Perfect: I had been scolded
• Past Perfect Continuous: Nu se foloseste
• Future Tense: I will be scolded - Eu voi fi certat
• Future Continuous: nu se foloseste
• Future Perfect: I will have been scolded - Eu voi fi fost certat
• Future Perfect Continuous: Nu se foloseste
• mod (mood)
• indicativ (timpurile de mai sus) - actiune reala
• subjonctiv - actiune ireala, dorita:
• I wish that this be over - Imi doresc ca aceasta sa se termine - stil oficial
• I wish that this were over - Imi doresc ca aceasta sa se termine
• I wish that this had been over - Imi doresc ca aceasta sa se fi terminat
• conditional - actiune dorita si exprimata printr-o conditie:
• You should call - Ar trebui sa dai telefon
• You should have called - Ar fi trebuit sa dai telefon
• imperativ - actiune poruncita: Go home! - Du-te acasa!
• adverbul (descrie un verb, un adjectiv sau un adverb)
• he is leaving now - el pleaca acum (descrie un verb)
• the amazingly tall building - cladirea extroardinar de inalta (descrie un adjectiv)
• it looks very nice - arata foarte frumos (descrie un adverb)
• Clasificarea adverbelor:
  • de timp: after - dupa, then - atunci
  • de mod: somehow - cumva, slowly - incet (a slow car moves slowly - o masina inceata se misca incet
  • de loc: above - deasupra, faraway - departe
  • de scop: consequently - in consecinta, so that - astfel incat
• prepozitia (leaga doi termeni care nu au aceeasi functie sintactica)
• I am going to school - ma duc la scoala
• the book is on the table - Cartea e pe masa
• out of town - afara din oras
• smooth as silk - neted ca matasea
• conjunctia (leaga doi termeni care au aceeasi functie sintactica)
• or - sau; and - si
• I'll leave when I want to - Plec cand vreau eu.
• interjectia
• What a pity! - Ce pacat!
• Wow!; Well, well, well!

^*Exista 6 verbe modale: (can, may, must, ought, shall, will). Ele sunt verbe speciale care nu asculta de regulile obisnuite ale verbelor. Ele insotesc cateodata un verb aflat la infinitiv.

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